Ko te waehere mō te pakeketanga o te konganuku ko H. E ai ki ngā tikanga whakamātautau pakeke rerekē, ko ngā whakaaturanga tuku iho ko Brinell (HB), Rockwell (HRC), Vickers (HV), Leeb (HL), Shore (HS) te pakeketanga, me ētahi atu, ā, ko HB me HRC te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana. He whānui ake ngā whakamahinga o HB, ā, he pai te HRC mō ngā rauemi he nui te pakeketanga o te mata, pērā i te pakeketanga o te maimoatanga wera. Ko te rerekētanga he rerekē te kōhao o te whakamātautau pakeketanga. Ko te whakamātautau pakeketanga Brinell he kōhao pōro, ko te whakamātautau pakeketanga Rockwell he kōhao taimana.
HV-e tika ana mō te tātaritanga karuārai. Te pakeke o Vickers (HV) Pēhia te mata o te rauemi me te kawenga iti iho i te 120kg me te kōhao kōne tapawhā taimana me te koki tihi o te 136°. Ka wehea te horahanga mata o te poka kōhao rauemi e te uara kawenga, ko te uara pakeke o Vickers (HV). Ka whakaatuhia te pakeke o Vickers hei HV (tirohia te GB/T4340-1999), ā, ka ine i ngā tauira tino angiangi.
He watea te ine i te taputapu whakamātautau pakeke kawe HL. Ka whakamahia te pane pōro pānga hei pānga ki te mata pakeke, hei whakaputa i te pekepeke. Ka tatauhia te pakeke mā te ōwehenga o te tere pekepeke o te wero i te 1mm mai i te mata tauira ki te tere pekepeke. Ko te tātai ko: Leeb hardness HL=1000×VB (tere pekepeke)/VA (tere pekepeke).
Ka taea te huri i te whakamātautau pakeke Leeb kawe ki te pakeke Brinell (HB), Rockwell (HRC), Vickers (HV), Shore (HS) i muri i te inenga Leeb (HL). Mā te whakamahi rānei i te mātāpono Leeb hei ine tika i te uara pakeke me Brinell (HB), Rockwell (HRC), Vickers (HV), Leeb (HL), Shore (HS).
HB - Te pakeketanga o Brinell:
Ko te pakeketanga o Brinell (HB) e whakamahia whānuitia ana ina ngawari ake te rauemi, pērā i ngā konganuku kore-ferrous, te maitai i mua i te whakamahana, i muri rānei i te whakamahana. Ko te pakeketanga o Rockwell (HRC) e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā rauemi he pakeke ake, pērā i te pakeketanga i muri i te whakamahana, me ētahi atu.
Ko te pakeketanga o Brinell (HB) he kawenga whakamātautau o tētahi rahi. Ka pēhia he pōro maitai whakapakeketia, he pōro carbide rānei o tētahi diameter ki roto i te mata whakarewa hei whakamātautau. Ka puritia te kawenga whakamātautau mō tētahi wā kua whakaritea, kātahi ka tangohia te kawenga hei ine i te diameter o te kōhao i runga i te mata hei whakamātautau. Ko te uara pakeketanga o Brinell ko te wāhanga i whiwhi mā te wehewehe i te kawenga ki te horahanga mata porowhita o te kōhao. I te nuinga o te wā, ka pēhia he pōro maitai whakapakeketia o tētahi rahi (10mm te whānui) ki roto i te mata rauemi me tētahi kawenga (3000kg te nuinga) ā, ka puritia mō tētahi wā. I muri i te tangohanga o te kawenga, ko te ōwehenga o te kawenga ki te horahanga kōhao ko te uara pakeketanga o Brinell (HB), ā, ko te waeine ko te kaha kirokaramu/mm2 (N/mm2).
Mā te pakeke o Rockwell ka whakatau te uara taupū pakeke i runga i te hohonutanga o te āhua kirihou o te kōhao. Ka whakamahia te 0.002 mm hei waeine pakeke. Ina neke atu i te HB 450, ina iti rawa rānei te tauira, kāore e taea te whakamahi i te whakamātautau pakeke o Brinell, ā, ka whakamahia te ine pakeke o Rockwell hei utu. Ka whakamahia he koeko taimana me te koki tihi o te 120°, he pōro maitai rānei me te diameter o te 1.59, 3.18mm rānei hei pēhi ki te mata o te rauemi e whakamatautauria ana i raro i tētahi kawenga, ā, ka tatauhia te pakeke o te rauemi mai i te hohonutanga o te kōhao. E ai ki te pakeke o te rauemi whakamātautau, ka whakaatuhia i roto i ngā tauine rerekē e toru:
HRA: Ko te pakeketanga tēnei e whiwhihia ana mā te whakamahi i te kawenga 60kg me te kōhao kōne taimana, e whakamahia ana mō ngā rauemi he tino pakeke (pērā i te carbide sima, me ētahi atu).
HRB: Ko te pakeketanga tēnei e whiwhihia ana mā te whakamahi i tētahi kawenga 100kg me tētahi pōro maitai whakapakeketia he 1.58mm te whānui, e whakamahia ana mō ngā rauemi he iti ake te pakeketanga (pērā i te maitai kua whakamahanatia, te rino maka, me ētahi atu).
HRC: Ko te pakeketanga tēnei e whiwhihia ana mā te whakamahi i te kawenga 150kg me te kōhao kōne taimana, e whakamahia ana mō ngā rauemi he tino pakeke (pērā i te maitai whakapakeketia, me ētahi atu).
Hei tāpiritanga:
1. Ko te tikanga o te HRC ko te tauine pakeke C o Rockwell.
2. E whakamahia whānuitia ana te HRC me te HB i roto i te hanga.
3. Ko te whānuitanga e tika ana mō te HRC ko te HRC 20-67, he rite ki te HB225-650,
Mena he teitei ake te pakeke i tēnei awhe, whakamahia te tauine pakeke Rockwell A HRA,
Mena he iti iho te pakeke i tēnei awhe, whakamahia te tauine pakeke Rockwell B HRB,
Ko te rohenga o runga o te pakeke Brinell ko HB650, kāore e taea te teitei ake i tēnei uara.
4. Ko te kōhao o te tauine C o te whakamātautau pakeke Rockwell he kōne taimana me te koki tihi o te 120 nekehanga. He uara motuhake te kawenga whakamātautau. Ko te paerewa Hainamana ko te 150 kgf. Ko te kōhao o te whakamātautau pakeke Brinell he pōro maitai whakapakeke (HBS) he pōro carbide rānei (HBW). Ka rerekē te kawenga whakamātautau i runga i te diameter o te pōro, mai i te 3000 ki te 31.25 kgf.
5. He iti rawa te kōhao pakeke o Rockwell, ā, he ā-rohe te uara ine. Me ine i ētahi pūwāhi kia kitea ai te uara toharite. He pai mō ngā hua kua oti me ngā poro angiangi, ā, kua whakarōpūtia hei whakamātautau kore-whakangaro. He nui ake te kōhao pakeke o Brinell, he tika te uara ine, kāore e pai mō ngā hua kua oti me ngā poro angiangi, ā, i te nuinga o te wā kāore i te whakarōpūtia hei whakamātautau kore-whakangaro.
6. Ko te uara pakeke o te pakeke o Rockwell he tau kāore i te ingoa, kāore he waeine. (Nō reira, he hē te kī he pakeke a Rockwell i tētahi taumata.) He waeine tō te uara pakeke o Brinell, ā, he whanaungatanga tata ki te kaha kume.
7. Ka whakaaturia tika te pakeke o Rockwell ki te mata o te mata, ka whakaaturia rānei mā te matihiko. He ngāwari ki te whakahaere, he tere, he māmā hoki te whakamahi, ā, he pai mō te whakaputa papatipu. Me whakamahi he karu hiko mō te pakeke o Brinell hei ine i te whānui o te kōhao, kātahi ka tirohia te ripanga, ka tatau rānei, he uaua ake te whakahaere.
8. I raro i ētahi āhuatanga, ka taea te whakawhiti i a HB me HRC mā te titiro ake ki te ripanga. Ka taea te tuhi i te tātaitanga hinengaro penei: 1HRC≈1/10HB.
He tikanga whakamātautau māmā noa iho te whakamātautau pakeke i roto i te whakamātautau āhuatanga ā-pūkaha. Hei whakakapi i ētahi whakamātautau āhuatanga ā-pūkaha, me whai hononga whakawhiti tika ake i waenga i te pakeke me te kaha i roto i te whakaputanga.
Kua whakamātauhia e ngā mahi he whanaungatanga ōrite i waenga i ngā uara pakeke rerekē o ngā rauemi whakarewa, me te uara pakeke me te uara kaha. Nā te mea ka whakatauhia te uara pakeke e te ātete ki te whakarerekētanga kirihou tuatahi me te ātete tonu ki te whakarerekētanga kirihou, ka teitei ake te kaha o te rauemi, ka teitei ake te ātete ki te whakarerekētanga kirihou, ā, ka teitei ake te uara pakeke.
Wā tuku: 16 o Ākuhata-2024
